Radio Waves :: essays research papers

Before beginning our research on radio waves, to us, radio waves were just waves going through the atmosphere, carrying sound from one place to another. Those were our ignorant days! We did not realize the complicated terms and theories involved. In the following report you will see how we advanced in our knowledge of radio waves, and we hope it will do the same for you. Radio waves are a combination of two kinds of electric vibrations. Audio frequency waves, which represent voice and other sounds and radio frequency waves, which carry audio waves after being combined with them. Two examples of broadcast waves are AM waves and FM waves. AM which stands for amplitude modulation, is a broadcasting method in which the carrier waves (carry the sounds of a program) are changed to match changes in the audio frequency waves. These are electric waves that represent the sounds of a radio broadcast. FM stands for frequency modulation and these waves, that go skyward, are not reflected. Instead, they pass through the atmosphere and go into space. AM signals, however, reflect off the atmosphere and travel back down to earth, causing broadcasts to be received at a much greater distance than FM signals. Since FM travels all the way to space and it does not bounce off the ground it does not create as much static as AM does. Radio waves, which travel at the speed of light, cannot be seen, heard, or felt in any way. When you listen to the radio, contrary to what some think, you are hearing the receivers pick up the waves and turn them into sound. Three more types of radio waves are; ground waves, ionospheric waves and tropospheric waves. Ground waves travel from the antenna along the surface of the earth. Ionospheric waves, otherwise known as sky waves, are made up of radio waves that come from a transmitting antenna and go into the sky. The ionosphere is the region of the rare field and ionized atmosphere around the earth, from 50 to 200 miles. Last but not least are the tropospheric waves. These waves are parts of the original wave which is reflected into the troposphere, an area of clouds and storms from 3 to 7 miles high. Radios change sound into electrical patterns with transmitters. In a radio transmitter, the circuit that generates the high frequency AC current that produces radio waves from an antenna, is called an oscillator. Electrical patterns are then changed into broadcast waves of electromagnetic energy. The Kenelly-Heairside layer, found in a transmission of a radio is now well known. This keeps the energy spent by a shortwave transmitter from escaping into space. This is why we are able

American Technological Advancements and the Cold War Essay -- Military

American Technological Advancements and the Cold War Many of the military technological advancements that have been made in the last 60 years can be attributed to the Cold War. Much of the technology developed during the period of the Cold War is still in use today by the military and government. Advancements in offensive technology are well known to just about everyone in the way of nuclear energy harnessed in the form of the nuclear bomb, but little is known about the battle for information during the Cold War. The Cold War produced some of the most advanced technology used in the fields of detection and reconnaissance in history. The United States’ detection and reconnaissance technology played a major role against communism during the Cold War, and these types of technology still play roles today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A cold war is an ideological conflict with military standoffs while keeping diplomatic relations open. The Cold War consisted of two sides (or Superpowers); the first was the United States, who believed in and practiced capitalism, the opposing side was the Soviet Union, who believed in and practiced the idea of communism. Many historians dispute the start time of the conflict; however, it began some time after World War II and dragged on until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989. The Cold War Project Group Online claims â€Å"the advancement of technology during the Cold War was greater than that of any one time period† (â€Å"The Arms Race†). The war developed nuclear missiles and many other technological advancements taking the world into a new era, the Nuclear Era. It was estimated at one time the United States and the Soviet Union could nuke the world seven times over; the governments realized the pointlessness of so many nuclear missiles a nd turned their attention toward other ways to get an upper hand in the conflict. Tensions ran high during this time; without military confrontation, research and resources were redirected towards other fields of technology such as detection systems, surveillance equipment, and underwater technologies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The North American Aerospace Defense Command, other wise known as NORAD, is a series of radar stations in North America that were built in 1950s. NORAD is a joint United States and Canadian organization that provides warnings and aerospace control for North America. The North American Aerospace Defense Comm... ...ent, they have found usefulness in today’s world through reassessing their mission or in scientific research. The art of reconnaissance changed during the Cold War with the invention of the spy satellite, the U2 Spy Plane, and the nuclear powered submarines. Today much of the photo taken by the United States spy satellites and U2 Spy Planes are classified but they are still used today as a part of the military and the Center Intelligent Agency to identify threats just as they did during the Cold War; submarines The tracking down and monitoring Soviet submarines movements during the Cold War was one of the major missions of the nuclear submarines, unfortunately today the submarine force of the United States is slowly shrinking do to budget cut with in the military. Fear and uncertainty surrounded the Cold War, however thanks to these technological advancements during the Cold War it helped to keep offensive weapons form being fired and destroying the world. Unfortunately on ly a few of these technologies have found there way into the world today. The Cold War was a conflict that brought fear to Americans but also brought the United States new technology that is still around today.

Law Self Reflection for Mgt388 Module

Self-Reflection I didn’t think that management and law were important to me before I came to the UK. I did accounting in my high school but it was all just about getting high marks. This is because I have always been studying scientific things and I didn’t think that the lack of knowledge about law and finance would affect or bother me. This was until I moved into a house, and the landlord refused to pay me back my deposit as we only had an oral agreement; no contract was made. Furthermore, I started a business on eBay. I discovered I managed my business poorly as I didn’t keep any records.From that moment, I felt that I needed to improve my ability to manage my money and be professional with my future jobs. MGT388, this module gave me a chance to study something that I indeed wanted to learn. Learning: This module gave me a chance to learn things in another field I haven’t touched before. I felt challenged, but I was excited. I attended every lecture and most of the tutorials in the 10 weeks, and studied hard by reading extra information as I knew the importance of this module related to my present and my future career. I found out that taking notes in colourful pens and doing mind maps helps me a lot in learning.Experience: I enjoyed the law tutorials. We discussed with the tutor based on real scenarios. It was not the traditional learning pattern, it was more interactive. We had a chance to say what we thought and judge the colleagues' opinion too. The tutor in my tutorial is a really nice lady, she is very patient and explains things really clearly. Reflection: The coursework and the online tests are the best reflections from the module. The team coursework not only revised what we have studied, it also improved my leadership and communication skill.It helped me develop more understanding about company management and contract. I found that the four management accounting tests were really helpful; I did each test two times so that I understand where I went wrong. I always improved on the second test as I read the comment of the question and reconsidered the situation in the question. Abstraction: From MGT388, I learnt many new things that I think would help me a lot for my career in the future. The module is an overview of management and law, but the topics in the module are carefully chosen for engineering students.This changes my viewpoint about engineering. Sometimes engineering is not only about calculations and designs. Sometimes, costs and avenues are important too for a company to survive. Learning: In the future, I will apply the knowledge I learnt from this module to my eBay business, and try to get a better management experience from my small business. This is a small practise before I go to a real company for work. Maybe I am going to make mistakes, but I think this module gives me the ability to study and review more information and knowledge.

Deception Point Page 18

â€Å"My God,† she whispered. What is this place? 20 The CNN production facility outside of Washington, D.C., is one of 212 studios worldwide that link via satellite to the global headquarters of Turner Broadcasting System in Atlanta. It was 1:45 P.M. when Senator Sedgewick Sexton's limousine pulled into the parking lot. Sexton was feeling smug as he got out and strode toward the entrance. He and Gabrielle were greeted inside by a pot-bellied CNN producer who wore an effusive smile. â€Å"Senator Sexton,† the producer said. â€Å"Welcome. Great news. We just found out who the White House sent as a sparring partner for you.† The producer gave a foreboding grin. â€Å"I hope you brought your game face.† He motioned through the production glass out into the studio. Sexton looked through the glass and almost fell over. Staring back at him, through the smoky haze of her cigarette, was the ugliest face in politics. â€Å"Marjorie Tench?† Gabrielle blurted. â€Å"What the hell is she doing here?† Sexton had no idea, but whatever the reason, her presence here was fantastic news-a clear sign that the President was in desperation mode. Why else would he send his senior adviser to the front lines? President Zach Herney was rolling out the big guns, and Sexton welcomed the opportunity. The bigger the foe, the harder they fall. The senator had no doubt that Tench would be a sly opponent, but gazing now at the woman, Sexton could not help but think that the President had made a serious error in judgment. Marjorie Tench was hideous looking. At the moment, she sat slouched in her chair, smoking a cigarette, her right arm moving in languid rhythm back and forth to her thin lips like a giant praying mantis feeding. Jesus, Sexton thought, if there was ever a face that should stick to radio. The few times Sedgewick Sexton had seen the White House senior adviser's jaundiced mug in a magazine, he could not believe he was looking at one of the most powerful faces in Washington. â€Å"I don't like this,† Gabrielle whispered. Sexton barely heard her. The more he considered the opportunity, the more he liked it. Even more fortuitous than Tench's media-unfriendly face was Tench's reputation on one key issue: Marjorie Tench was extremely vocal that America's leadership role in the future could only be secured through technological superiority. She was an avid supporter of high-tech government R D programs, and, most important-NASA. Many believed it was Tench's behind-the-scenes pressure that kept the President positioned so staunchly behind the failing space agency. Sexton wondered if perhaps the President was now punishing Tench for all the bad advice about supporting NASA. Is he throwing his senior adviser to the wolves? Gabrielle Ashe gazed through the glass at Marjorie Tench and felt a growing uneasiness. This woman was smart as hell and she was an unexpected twist. Those two facts had her instincts tingling. Considering the woman's stance on NASA, the President sending her to face-off against Senator Sexton seemed ill-advised. But the President was certainly no fool. Something told Gabrielle this interview was bad news. Gabrielle already sensed the senator salivating over his odds, which did little to curb her concern. Sexton had a habit of going overboard when he got cocky. The NASA issue had been a welcome boost in the polls, but Sexton had been pushing very hard lately, she thought. Plenty of campaigns had been lost by candidates who went for the knockout when all they needed was to finish the round. The producer looked eager for the impending blood match. â€Å"Let's get you set up, senator.† As Sexton headed for the studio, Gabrielle caught his sleeve. â€Å"I know what you're thinking,† she whispered. â€Å"But just be smart. Don't go overboard.† â€Å"Overboard? Me?† Sexton grinned. â€Å"Remember this woman is very good at what she does.† Sexton gave her a suggestive smirk. â€Å"So am I.† 21 The cavernous main chamber of NASA's habisphere would have been a strange sight anywhere on earth, but the fact that it existed on an Arctic ice shelf made it that much more difficult for Rachel Sexton to assimilate. Staring upward into a futuristic dome crafted of white interlocking triangular pads, Rachel felt like she had entered a colossal sanatorium. The walls sloped downward to a floor of solid ice, where an army of halogen lamps stood like sentinels around the perimeter, casting stark light skyward and giving the whole chamber an ephemeral luminosity. Snaking across the ice floor, black foam carpetrunners wound like boardwalks through a maze of portable scientific work stations. Amid the electronics, thirty or forty white-clad NASA personnel were hard at work, conferring happily and talking in excited tones. Rachel immediately recognized the electricity in the room. It was the thrill of new discovery. As Rachel and the administrator circled the outer edge of the dome, she noted the surprised looks of displeasure from those who recognized her. Their whispers carried clearly in the reverberant space. Isn't that Senator Sexton's daughter? What the hell is SHE doing here? I can't believe the administrator is even speaking to her! Rachel half expected to see voodoo dolls of her father dangling everywhere. The animosity around her, though, was not the only emotion in the air; Rachel also sensed a distinct smugness-as if NASA clearly knew who would be having the last laugh. The administrator led Rachel toward a series of tables where a lone man sat at a computer work station. He was dressed in a black turtleneck, wide-wale corduroys, and heavy boat shoes, rather than the matching NASA weather gear everyone else seemed to be wearing. He had his back to them. The administrator asked Rachel to wait as he went over and spoke to the stranger. After a moment, the man in the turtleneck gave him a congenial nod and started shutting down his computer. The administrator returned. â€Å"Mr. Tolland will take it from here,† he said. â€Å"He's another one of the President's recruits, so you two should get along fine. I'll join you later.† â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"I assume you've heard of Michael Tolland?† Rachel shrugged, her brain still taking in the incredible surroundings. â€Å"Name doesn't ring a bell.† The man in the turtleneck arrived, grinning. â€Å"Doesn't ring a bell?† His voice was resonant and friendly. â€Å"Best news I've heard all day. Seems I never get a chance to make a first impression anymore.† When Rachel glanced up at the newcomer, her feet froze in place. She knew the man's handsome face in an instant. Everyone in America did. â€Å"Oh,† she said, blushing as the man shook her hand. â€Å"You're that Michael Tolland.† When the President had told Rachel he had recruited top-notch civilian scientists to authenticate NASA's discovery, Rachel had imagined a group of wizened nerds with monogrammed calculators. Michael Tolland was the antithesis. One of the best known â€Å"science celebrities† in America today, Tolland hosted a weekly documentary called Amazing Seas, during which he brought viewers face-to-face with spellbinding oceanic phenomena-underwater volcanoes, ten-foot sea worms, killer tidal waves. The media hailed Tolland as a cross between Jacques Cousteau and Carl Sagan, crediting his knowledge, unpretentious enthusiasm, and lust for adventure as the formula that had rocketed Amazing Seas to the top of the ratings. Of course, most critics admitted, Tolland's rugged good looks and self-effacing charisma probably didn't hurt his popularity with the female audience. â€Å"Mr. Tolland†¦,† Rachel said, fumbling the words a bit. â€Å"I'm Rachel Sexton.† Tolland smiled a pleasant, crooked smile. â€Å"Hi, Rachel. Call me Mike.†

Qualities of Servant Leadership

QUALITIES OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP (From the life of Nehemiah) If we look around the world today people are crying for leaders who will be able to bring changes for the betterment of society, community, organizations, and nations. This has been true in the secular world and Christian organizations throughout history. Today, specifically talking about Christians, we know that different churches and Christian organizations are in need of good godly leaders, and this has been one of the greatest needs since the beginning of the Church. So we know that leaders are vitally important for the well-being and growth of the Church.Leaders play an important role in churches and societies, yet their responsibilities are not easy at all. Throughout history we can see that leaders have played an important part in leading, guiding, encouraging, and leaving a heritage for the generations to come. Many leaders fail to do the task they were responsible to perform, and some perform with flying colors but last for only a short time. But no matter how good a leader is, he does not stay forever. So, the most important thing a leader can do is leave a heritage for the generations to come and glorify God in all he does.Good leaders will always leave godly footprints which will guide future generations in the way they should go. If one were going to talk about good leaders in the Bible, Nehemiah would be a prominent one. There are not many leaders like Nehemiah who completed the task of leadership successfully. Many leaders in the Bible are known as good ones, but they failed at certain points in their live. However, the Bible has no record of failure for Nehemiah. So in this paper, my intention is to present qualities that made Nehemiah a great leader.It is my prayer that we will be encouraged and learn something from the life of Nehemiah. I hope we will truly be applying these principles in our lives and be challenged and transformed. I believe we will be effective servant leaders if we prepare our hearts to do God’s work as Nehemiah did. Background History of Nehemiah To talk about Nehemiah it would be good to begin with his historical background and a brief history of the Israelites so that we can better understand him. Nehemiah was the son of Hachaliah. He was born of Jewish parents in exile. His name â€Å"Nehem-Yah† means â€Å"the comfort of Jehovah. From this it is possible to assume that Nehemiah’s home was a godly one. (Jensen, 46) He also had a brother Hanani (Neh. 1:2) Looking back on the history of Israel, we know that after King Solomon reigned in Israel, the nation split into two kingdoms in 931 B. C. – the northern kingdom (Israel) and the southern kingdom (Judah). After that there were no good kings in Israel, but in Judah there were a few partially good kings. Kings like Asa, Jehoshaphat, and a few others followed God’s will for some time; but they did not continue to follow God fully and wholeheartedly. So they failed at some time in their lives.Josiah was the only good king without blame that Judah had after Israel became two kingdoms (2 Kings 22:2). Due to their wickedness God punished Israel and Judah. The two kingdoms were taken into captivity several times. The Northern Kingdom fell first, and the people were taken into captivity by the Assyrians in 772 B. C. After a few years, the southern kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians, and they were taken into captivity in 586 B. C. After forty-eight years in captivity, in 538 B. C. , the Israelites first returned to Judah from captivity under the leadership of Zerubbabel (Ezra 1:1-2:2).The second return was in 458 B. C. led by Ezra (Ezra 7:1-10). In 444 B. C. Nehemiah returned to Judah, and God used him to guide Judah in rebuilding the city walls and reordering the people’s social and economic lives (Zuck, 673). So there is a possibility that Nehemiah’s great-grandparents were taken into captivity in 586 B. C. when Jerusal em fell into Babylonian hands. This tells us that Nehemiah was born in Persia. Dr. Knoblet says, â€Å"Nehemiah was probably born in Persia around Susa sometime during or soon after Zerubbabel’s ministry in Jerusalem. (Knoblet, 19) Apart from all this information Nehemiah’s genealogy is not known. Nehemiah was just a mere man; but he left his mark on history because he was an available man. (Stewart, 22) We don’t know how a Jewish born, son of a slave become a palace servant; but we do know that Nehemiah was the king’s cup bearer while he was in Susa. (Neh 1:11). When Artaxerxes, the king of Persia gave permission to Nehemiah to return to Judah with his people and rebuild the wall, Nehemiah returned to Judah and served as the governor of Judah and led his people in rebuilding the city wall.Though there are different views on the chronology of the years of Nehemiah’s service as governor, it is probable that he was in Jerusalem for twelve years (444 -432 B. C. ), went to Susa for two years (432-430 B. C. ), and returned. (Knoblet, 129) If we are going to find a man in the Bible who shows us what true leadership is really all about, it is no doubt Nehemiah. (Knoblet, 150) Now, the question is – What made him a great leader? Why was he so effective in his ministry? Let us discuss the qualities that made Nehemiah a great leader. Qualities of Nehemiah Without spirituality one cannot be a good leader.Jenses says, â€Å"Nehemiah was not a priest, scribe, prophet, rabbi, theologian or pastor. As a public official his vocation was secular, not religious. And yet, he clearly demonstrated in his service that spirituality is for the secular as well as for the religious vocation. † (Jensen, 64) So, what makes Nehemiah a good and effective leader must obviously be his spiritual walk with God. Let us discuss some of his qualities – 1. A Man who Feared God: Nehemiah’s qualities of leadership are all tied to his fea r of God. It would not be possible for him to do what he did without the fear of God.When Nehemiah returned to Judah he found the Jews were going through hard times. Talking about the condition of the Jews in Judah, George and Syme said, â€Å"There had been drought, poor crops and recession. But people had to eat, and taxes inexorably fell due. Many were so heavily in debt that, having no more property to mortgage, they were reduced to selling their children into slavery. † (George and Syme, 92) All these things happened due to the corrupt practices of the leaders and moneylenders; but Nehemiah, unlike the other leaders, stayed pure.So, it is evident that when Nehemiah was the Governor of Judah, he did not practice any corruption because he feared God. (Neh. 5: 15) Not only in reference to corruption, but in everything Nehemiah feared the Lord; and as a result, he lived a life which was pleasing to the Lord. His fear of God gave him boldness for he knew God was happy with hi s life. So, when Shemiah told Nehemiah to meet him in the house of God, intending to kill him, Nehemiah was not scared because he knew that God was with him. Seume comments on Nehemiah’s boldness by saying, â€Å"He feared man little because he feared God much. (Seume, 71) That’s the secret of his success in his leadership. 2. A who Knew God’s Word: Though Nehemiah was born and brought up in the land of captivity, it is evident that he read and learned God’s Word and knew God’s promises for his people. This is evident because he quotes the book of Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Exodus in Nehemiah 1: 8-11. It would not be possible for Nehemiah to enquire about his brethren in Judah from Hanani who returned from Judah, if he was not aware of God’s promise for His people. 3.A Man of Right Burden: When Nehemiah heard that the survivors who were left from the captivity in the province were there in great distress and the wall of Jerusalem was also broken down, and its gates were burned with fire, he was burdened by it. (Neh. 1:3) This was the right burden because he knew God’s promises for the Israelites. But what he heard was the opposite of what God had intended for the Israelites. Since Nehemiah knew God’s promises for the Jews he was burdened because the Israelites were in distress and Jerusalem wall was broken. He was so burdened that the king Artaxerxes could see it in his face. Neh. 2: 2) He wanted to rebuild the wall and point his people back to God’s promises and commandments. That’s the right burden because it is God’s burden. It is not possible to have the right burden without knowing the Almighty God and His promises. If Nehemiah’s burden was not right he could have just enquired and been emotionally sad but never acted upon it to put things back in order. What a leader was by having a burden about God’s work! 4. A Man of Prayer: When Nehemiah heard about the situat ion of Jerusalem and the Jews in Judah, he prayed to God. (Neh. :5-11) He interceded for his people and begged God’s forgiveness for himself and his people. Paul N. Benware says, â€Å"Nehemiah spent about four months in prayer. He confessed the sins of Israel and prayed for the favor of king Artaxerxes. † (Benware, 152) This makes it clear that before Nehemiah did something he saught God’s will first. 5. A Man of Patience: After Nehemiah heard about the reproach and distress of the Jews and the broken down wall of Jerusalem, he prayed to God and wept. (Neh. 1: 3-4) He also prayed to God so that the king would have mercy on him and llow him to go to rebuild the city wall. (Neh. 1: 11) But four months passed, and Nehemiah was patient to wait for God’s time. Wiersbe comments on Nehemiah’s patience saying, â€Å"†¦Nehemiah patiently waited on the Lord for directions; because it is through faith and patience that we inherit the promise (Heb. 6:12 ). He that believeth shall not make haste. (Isa. 28:16). True faith in God brings a calmness to the heart that keeps us from rushing about and trying to do in our own strength what only God can do. We must know not only how to weep and pray, but also how to wait and pray. (Wiersbe, 638) 6. A Man of Action and Example: Nehemiah not only interceded for himself and his people, he prayed to God that he would find favor in the sight of the king. (Neh1: 11b) Moreover, he boldly told his burden to the king and asked his favor to go to Judah to do the business of the Lord. (Neh 2: 3-8) God never fails those who seek His will and do His work. It is because of God’s work that Nehemiah found favor in the sight of the king. (Neh. 2: 8b) As a leader Nehemiah did not just give commands, but he associated himself with his people, and he took part in rebuilding the wall. Neh. 4:21-23) Moreover, he did not depend on people, but he used his own things for his business. (Neh. 5: 15-16) It is be cause of his actions that he was respected as a leader. He guided and led his people by setting an example. He put into practice what he said. 7. A Man of Careful Planning: As a leader Nehemiah studied the problems before he did the work. He was careful to select a few men along side of him, and they enquired about the walls and gates at night and told no one before they knew what needed to be done. Neh 2: 12-16) Before Nehemiah began the work, he already had an inspection of the place and knew what the situation was and what needed to be done. (McGee, 86) Secret goals and plans are what leaders should have in any ministry. Also, be careful not to make the secret too concealed that no one will know anything about it and it will bring no fruit at all. Nehemiah carefully handled this. Though he had a secret, he knew when and what to share about his secret plan. In the right time he revealed enough things to his people so that they would get to work and be able to achieve the set goals . Neh. 2: 16) Commenting on Nehemiah’s secret plans Swindoll says that before Nehemiah began his work, he did not say anything about his plans for three days. (Swindoll, 49) This shows that Nehemiah kept secrets when he planned, and after he carefully studied and made an architectural plan of the way to achieve the goals, he shared the plans with his people. That showed his incredible ability to balance things at the right time and in the right place. 8. A who Motivates: After Nehemiah studied the problems and had a plan, he motivated his people to build the wall of Jerusalem.It is because of his preparation that he knew what to say and the people understand his intention. So, without any hesitation all the Israelites followed his leadership. (Neh. 2: 18b) The source of his motivation was in the Lord. Nehemiah trusted the Lord in all things. He had seen many things that the Lord had done for Israel and he believed that the Lord would continue to do so. In motivating his peopl e Nehemiah said, â€Å"Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome! † (Neh. 4: 14) By saying this Nehemiah meant to say that, â€Å"God helped us before and He’ll help us again! He is our covenant God! That’s why I’m here!That’s why the wall is half up! He is great! He is awesome! Let’s continue to trust Him! Let’s not give up now! † (Getz, 81) What an encouragement for the Israelites, having such a leader who motivated in the right way! 9. A Who knows well his People: When the time came to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, Nehemiah appointed leaders in different areas; and they began the work. Looking at the work strategy, it is evident that Nehemiah knew his people’s ability, talents, and strengths. (Neh. 3) This is an extraordinary ability of Nehemiah. As a leader it is important to know well the people that we serve.This also tells us that Nehemiah was good in building relationship because it would not be possible to kn ow people well without knowing them well. 10. A Man who is ready to face Challenges: As rebuilding of the wall began there was opposition from enemies. Nehemiah was not afraid of them, and he was not discouraged. In the midst of challenges Nehemiah prayed to God and was ready to defend. (Neh. 4: 9) But that was not the end for him. It is important to pray, but it was not the only thing they needed. To have prayed only would have been presumption and to have watched only would have indicated a lack of faith. Campbell, 39) Nehemiah balanced it all, and he was ready for challenges that came along his way. 11. A Man who relies on God: When the Jews were opposed, Nehemiah turned to God and prayed to Him. Not only that, he directed his people to rely on God’s strength and readied to fight for the Lord. (Neh. 4: 14) Throughout the course of rebuilding the wall, opposition came. But Nehemiah always prayed to God which tells us that he always relied on God for God’s work. Foull ah says that, â€Å"as a godly leader, Nehemiah was dependent upon God from whom he received his personal support and encouragement, which motivated him enough to succeed. Foullah) What a leader, seeking God’s will and relying on God’s strength rather than self confidence! 12. A Man of Compassion and Justice: With the poverty situation among the Jews, there were richer people who did business with their fellow brothers. When the rich oppressed the poor in many unjust ways, there was an outcry of the poor against their own Jewish brethren, and Nehemiah acknowledged that. So, he assembled all his Jewish brethren and rebuked all those who treated others unjustly. (Neh. 5: 9) Nehemiah was bold to stand up for the poor and rebuke the sins of the rich because of his compassionate and just heart.His justice resulted in taking action against any sin immediately. Commenting on Nehemiah’s instant reaction with sin Kidner says, â€Å"Ever realistic, Nehemiah leaves no ro om for postponement or for second thoughts, and make sure that the promises are upgrade into oaths, properly sworn in the presence of the priests. † (Kidner, 97) Nehemiah was a leader who was impartial. He valued all people equally. 13. A Man of Generosity: Nehemiah not only spoke for the poor he also shared what he had with others. He fed one hundred and fifty Jews and rulers.Moreover there were others from the nations around them. So, Nehemiah prepared one ox and six sheep daily for them. Also, fowl, and once every ten days an abundance of all kinds of wine was prepared. (Neh. 5: 18) 14. A Man of Wisdom: When Nehemiah was invited by the enemy to meet in the house of the Lord to talk about business, Nehemiah sensed that he would be in trouble if he went there so he decided not to go. (Neh. 6) This is wisdom. Leaders should be sensitive of dangers and should deal with things carefully and wisely. That’s the wisdom Nehemiah had as a leader. 5. A Man who Respects others: Though Nehemiah was the governor of Judah and knew God’s Word, he had a high respect for Ezra the scribe and worked together with him. (Neh. 8: 1-9) Nehemiah did not ever rule his people as his property but allowed others to serve in different ways. Moreover, he also appointed many leaders in different ways. (Neh. 3) This makes it clear that Nehemiah highly respected others. This is a good attitude for leaders. 16. A Man who is bold for God: After Nehemiah returned from Jerusalem he found that Eliashib repared a room for Tobiah in the courts of the house of God. Nehemiah was angry and threw all the household goods of Tobiah out of the room and commanded the room to be cleansed. He also found out that the Levites had not been given their portions. So, Nehemiah gathered the leaders and commanded that portions for Levites should be brought to the house of the Lord. (Neh. 13: 1-13) Moreover, Nehemiah strongly forced the people to observe the Sabbath, and gave warning to those who broke the law. (Neh. 13: 21) He also contended with the Jews who married foreign women.Nehemiah cursed them, struck some of them, and pulled out their hair, and made them swear in God’s name that they should not allow their sons and daughters to intermarrying with foreigners. (Neh. 13: 25) It is evident that Nehemiah was bold for the things of the Lord. His actions would not be necessarily bad for that time period, in that culture and with the situations. If Nehemiah was bold enough to do that, it shows that he was right in doing what he did because no one was against what he did. As a leader, dealing with problems takes courage and Nehemiah did it successfully.Moreover, he cleansed every pagan thing and assigned duties to the priests and the Levites, each to his service. (Neh. 13: 30) 17. A Man with a Thankful Heart: After the wall was completed they dedicated it to the Lord. They celebrated the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgiving and singing. (Neh. 12: 27) Neh emiah brought the leaders of Judah up on the wall, and appointed two large thanksgiving choirs. (Neh. 12: 31) This shows that Nehemiah always remembered how he prayed to God from the very start, and now he came to God with a thankful heart because God allowed him to complete his project.The city was full of joy at the day of dedication. McIntire comments of Nehemiah’s joyful heart saying, â€Å"The fullness of the joy of Jerusalem is in the heart of Nehemiah, too. Speaking of the people upon the walls, he says, ‘So stood the two companies of them that gave thanks in the house of God, and I, and half of the rulers with me. ’ Jerusalem is a city of joy. Jerusalem is the city of the king. Jerusalem is the holy city. † (McIntire, 99-100) A godly leader will always remember God’s goodness and will worship God with a thankful heart. 18. A Man of Humility: In whatever he did Nehemiah did not seek fame or popularity.He did what he ought to do with humility. Talking about Nehemiah’s humility Maciariello says it well – Whatever his strengths or weaknesses of character, Nehemiah does not seek temporal rewards. Although, after completing the city wall, he leads remarkable religious and social reforms during his two terms as governor of Judah, his account ends with a simple request that God remember his deeds on behalf of the people: â€Å"Remember me, O my God, for good† (Neh 13:31). Nehemiah's behavior exemplifies the Christ-exalting characteristics of leadership enumerated in this article (sincerity, tenacity, mood, scope, realm, and rewards).His example endures as proof of the wisdom of godly principles of leadership and management. (Maciariello, 8) What can we Learn from Nehemiah The story of Nehemiah gives us an extraordinary example of a servant-leader motivated and acting for God's ends. It also provides an example of the use of godly means in the pursuit of excellence in leadership and management, and the focu s upon achieving positive results. Looking at the footsteps Nehemiah left for the generation to come is incredible. What a great model of leadership he was! Today in the Christian and secular world, there are great things that need taken care of.How are we going to begin the process? I believe the only way to begin is to turn our hearts to the Lord as a leader, and motivate others to do so. It is so evident from Nehemiah’s life that without God nothing is possible. Man’s strength is fallible and weak in itself, but God is infallible, mighty, and powerful. So, leaders should trust God in everything. That’s what Nehemiah did! The leadership qualities of Nehemiah mentioned above are important for leaders in communities, Churches, and any Christian organization. The only way to begin is to fear the Lord and submit ourselves to Him.If we honestly take God seriously, I believe the other leadership qualities will be evident in our lives. The problem with leaders today in the secular and Christian world is the lack of the fear of God. We fail time and time again because we try to do things by our own strength. The Psalmist says it well in Psalm 127:1, â€Å"Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. † Let us remember that God is the source of every good thing, and to make the world better we have to turn to the Lord.Leaders should seek God first for wisdom and understanding in all they do. I believe there will be a difference in community, society, churches and any ministry if God is the first and foremost priority that every leader seeks as Nehemiah did. Bibliography Benware, Paul N. Survey of the Old Testament. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1993. Campbell, Donald K. Nehemiah Man in Charge. Wheaton, Il: Victor, 1979. Foullah, Leopold A. â€Å"The Characteristics of Good Leadership. † Ezine Articles. Web. . Getz, Gene A. Nehemiah A Man of Prayer and Persis tance. Ventura, CA: Regal, 1981.Jensen, Irving L. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1970. Kidner, Derek. Ezra, Nehemiah. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity, 1979. Maciariello, Joseph. â€Å"Lessons in leadership and management from Nehemiah. † BNET, Oct. 2003. Web. . McGee, J. Vernon. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Nashville. TN: Thomas Nelson, 1991. McIntire, Carl. The Wall of Jerusalem is Broken Down. Collingswood, NJ: Christian Beacon, 1954. Stewart, Paul A. Nehemiah the Involved Layman. Glendale, Ca: Gospel Light, 1974. Sueme, Richard H. Nehemiah God's Builder. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1978. Swindoll, Charles R.Hand Me Another Brick. Nashville, TN: W Group, 1998. Syme, George S. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Denver, CO: Accent-B/P Publications, 1981. Walvoord, John F. , and Roy B. Zuck. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: The Old Testament, Colorado Springs, Colorado: Victor, 1983. Wiersbe, Warren W. The Bible Exposition Commentary: Ole Testament History (Joshua-Esther). Colorado Spri ngs, CO: Victor, 2003. Williamson, H. G. M. Israel In The Books of Chronicles. New York, NY: Cambridge UP, 1977. Knoblet, Jerry. Exile and Restoration. Bradley, WV: Appalachian Bible College, 2010.

Phonic Instruction

Reading and writing are the fundamental skills of learning. Our formal education is anchored to these basic learning steps. It is crucial for children to learn how to read and write at an early age in order to become capable and competent in their education. Kids acquire and learn the language through exposure, like how children copy words based from what they hear around their environment. Schools developed various methods and modes of instruction on how to teach children to read and write effectively.This teaching method is often referred to as phonic instruction which is a way of teaching children how to read, which emphasizes the acquisition of sounds, corresponding letter and its use in reading and writing (National Reading Panel, 2000). The phonic instruction shows the children the relationship between the written and spoken language by associating sounds to letters (National Institute for Literacy, 2009). The phonic instruction is not a standard device used for beginning reade rs but many teachers are utilizing such program to aid them with their instruction.The phonics that the teachers teach is not relatively important, but rather what students actually learn and use in decoding a new word whether reading or writing them is more necessary (Cunningham, 2005). As such, the aim of phonic instruction is for children to learn how to read and write effectively. Phonic instruction affects the whole process of children’s learning process of reading. It helps students understand how it can be successfully integrated into an effective classroom reading program (Savage, 2007).I personally agree that phonic instructions develop the ability to read and write. It does not matter what modes and methods of learning is integrated in the phonics instruction but how children may be able to learn how to read and write effectively. Teachers should develop balanced reading programs which incorporate a wide array of learning strategies in order to prepare children in h igher levels of education which require such skills. References Cuningham, P. M. (2005).Phonics they Use: Words for Reading and Writing, 4th edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. National Institute for Literacy. (2009, January 9). Phonics Instruction. Retrieved February 11, 2009, from http://www. nifl. gov/partnershipforreading/publications/reading_first1phonics. html. National Reading Panel. (2000). Phonics Instructions. Reading Rockets. Retrieved February 11, 2009, from http://www. readingrockets. org/article/254. Savage, J. (2007). Sound It Out! Phonics in a Comprehensive Reading System. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Green Logistics and Corporate Initiatives Research Paper

Green Logistics and Corporate Initiatives - Research Paper Example The concept and awareness about the green logistics have evolved over time. Earlier it was a matter of public policy agendas which was forcefully implemented by environmental pressure groups that focused on the mitigation of damages caused by the transportation system. Later on it gained more importance as the businesses realized their responsibilities towards the environment and wider society perspective stressing upon the need of sustainable development for the future. Additionally the scope of green logistics has expanded over time, it not only includes the physical distribution of finished goods but it also deals with the entire transportation system including integrated logistics which includes storing, warehousing and handling systems etc. and the supply chain management which includes interaction with upstream suppliers and downstream customers. (Ann, Button, Hensher.340) The modern researches unlike the traditional ones take into account the environmental effects of all the a ctivities of the supply chain. The traditional system while only recognized the forward distribution and logistic system, a ‘reverse’ logistic system has also been introduced over time which led to a new dimension of sustainable and green logistics. This involves movement of waste, used materials including toxic and hazardous goods for recycling and disposing purposes. This whole concept has created new markets for recyclable products and its movement. (McKinnon, Alan C.243) Reverse logistics is a modern concept in logistics which is now regarded as part of green logistics. This involves processing, planning, and utilization of resources from the point of consumption to the point of origin, unlike the traditional logistics concepts which focus on movement from point to origin to consumption only. These will usually involve activities like transportation and collection, storage, reprocessing, recycling, reusing or disposal etc. This topic has been a center of attention f or many types of research and work has been done to determine the drivers and constraints in reverse logistics and how techniques like speculation and postponement can be used to develop a better reverse green logistics. As the volume of waste is growing the government regulations for its recycling, reusing or disposing of are tightening too. (Farahani et al.206)